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Class I (C1) - A failure or significant incident with the potential to affect equipment or systems critical to the safety and functioning of the entire hospital gastritis diet plan foods discount ranitidine 300 mg with amex. Risk Category Number U+R= 3 to 8 Class C1 gastritis diet õ??õýëäýéí discount ranitidine 150mg on line, C2 and C3 events are investigated immediately for corrective action and are reported to the Infection Prevention and Environment of Care Committee gastritis flare up diet 150 mg ranitidine with mastercard. Utility system capability/limitations/special uses Emergency procedures for utility failures Knowledge and skills for utility system maintenance Location/instructions for use of emergency shutoff controls Process to report utility problems/failures/user errors Whom to contact in emergencies Implementation: a chronic gastritis outcome cheap 300mg ranitidine free shipping. All new employees will be provided with facility utility management education during hospital-wide and department orientation. All employees will receive at least annual hospital-wide and utility management education through uLearns. Ongoing monitoring of performance regarding actual or potential risks related to one or more of the following: Implementation: Performance improvement standards for utility management will be monitored on an ongoing basis and reported to the Infection Prevention/Environment of Care Committee. At least annually, the scope, objectives, performance, and effectiveness of the plan shall be reviewed, and revised if necessary, by the Infection Prevention/Environment of Care Committee, with input and assistance from other committees, Administration, Medical Staff Departments and Hospital Departments. Should alternate sources for utilities be unable to provide the necessary resources to maintain safe operations and services, President/designee the Incident Commander will determine the need to discontinue services, transfer services and/or patients to the alternate campus. All utility failures must be reported to the Department of Health as an infrastructure failure. Nutritional Services Manager will order potable water, when directed by the Incident Command Center through the preferred vendor. The Maintenance staff will pick up and deliver potable water under the direction of the Incident Command Center, Administrator-In-Charge or the Maintenance Manager. Each campus will need the following daily amounts: · · Greenville Campus ­ 300 gallons Shenango Campus ­ 200 gallons the Nutritional Services Department will monitor inventory daily and order as needed. Environmental Services will distribute non-potable water in buckets under the direction of the Incident Command Center, Administrator-In-Charge or Environmental Services Manager. Nutritional Services will distribute ice under the direction of the Incident Command Center, Administrator-In-Charge or Nutritional Services Manager. Maintenance will order portable toilet units to be brought to the facility when directed by the Incident Command Center, the Administrator-In-Charge or the Maintenance Manager. Phone: (724) 752-1408 Fax: (724) 752-2803 Quantity: Greenville Campus ­ 30; Shenango Campus ­ 20 3. Units will be strategically placed around the facilities away from entrances and walkways. The Manager of Maintenance & Security or designee will set up a regular schedule 141 of unit exchange with the waste removal company to prevent accumulation of waste products. Disposable bed pans and urinals will be used by patients; body waste will be bagged and transported to the portable toilet unit. The disposable bed pans and urinals will then be placed in red biohazard bags for final disposal. Service reduction ­ in the event that there is a major break or interruption in the sewage system, some services will be reduced as follows: Department Services Reduced Nutritional Services · Disposable plates, cups and utensils will be used. Laboratory · · Disposable formaldehyde into the sewage will be discontinued Formaldehyde for disposal will be stored in 10 gal. Environmental Services is responsible to arrange additional trash, hazardous and infectious waste pick-ups. Maintenance is responsible to contact the oxygen vendor to deliver a bulk oxygen tank to be attached to the Siamese outlet located on the building exterior in the event of an oxygen bulk failure. A) the in-house vacuum system is connected to emergency generator power in the event main power is interrupted. Other emergencies are external and may disrupt the hospital in its ability to care for patients within the facility or those that may arrive due to the emergency. An efficient and effective plan of response aids in preparing for such emergencies and reduces the response time. Each "Code" or "Condition" will activate an appropriate response to the emergency as needed. If you have an individual responsibility to respond to "Condition A", you will be told during your departmental orientation.

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The discriminations seem simple and easy gastritis tea purchase 150mg ranitidine amex, and you prepare for what you expect will be a rather boring experiment gastritis stress 150mg ranitidine for sale. Yet the first person in the group announces confidently that line 1 is the correct match gastritis diet 21 order ranitidine 150mg line. Then the second person follows suit gastritis diet gastritis symptoms proven ranitidine 150mg, and he, too, declares that the answer is line 1; so do the third, fourth, and fifth participants. You are suddenly faced with two contradictory pieces of information; the evidence of your own senses tells you that one answer is clearly correct, but the unanimous and confident judgments of the five preceding participants tell you that you are wrong. On 12 of the trials, the other group members unanimously give an answer that differs from what you clearly perceive to be correct. It is only at the end of the experimental session that you learn the explanation for the confusion. The six other participants were all actors, and they had been instructed to give incorrect answers on those 12 trials (see Figure 19. According to one conformity: acting in accord with group norms or customs Figure 19. Standard Line Comparison Lines A 1 2 3 556 Chapter 19 / Group Interaction Figure 19. Participant 6 is the only real participant, and the others are collaborators with the experimenter. The participant listens to the others express identical judgments that differ from his own. Later researchers have shown that under some conditions, a minority view can come to win over the larger group (Moscovici, 1985). By disagreeing with the majority view, a person can actually reduce the pressure that others feel to conform. A minority dissenter may also serve an informational purpose by making others question whether the majority view is actually right. When people hear a dissenting opinion, they are more likely to examine the issue more closely, which can lead to a better solution. This contrast between public behavior and private belief often characterizes compliance. Compliance occurs when we respond to the request of another person without necessarily changing our beliefs. This minor request, which the participant is likely to agree with, is really a set-up for a major request. Think of a norm that regulates what an individual should or should not do in a given situation. What were the general reactions of other group members to you not adhering to the particular norm? The factors include: · belonging to a group that emphasizes the role of groups rather than individuals · the desire to be liked by other members of the group · low self-esteem · social shyness · lack of familiarity with a task · group size (Conformity increases as the size of the group grows to five or six people. Sometimes this influence is indirect and subtle, and at other times it is quite direct. Everyone in this society has had experiences with various authorities, such as parents, teachers, police officers, managers, judges, clergy, and military officers. Obedience, or behavior in response to orders given by these authorities, can be either useful or destructive. For instance, obeying the orders of a doctor or firefighter in an emergency would be constructive. They know from cases in history such as German Nazism and American atrocities in Vietnam that individuals frequently obey irrational commands. In fact, people often obey authority even when obedience goes against their conscience and their whole system of morality. The Milgram Experiment Psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted the most famous investigation of obedience in 1963 (see Figure 19. They were told that they would be participating in an experiment to test the effects of punishment on memory. The teacher was to read into a microphone a list of words to be memorized by the learner, who would be 558 Chapter 19 / Group Interaction in a nearby room. If the learner failed to recite the list back correctly, the teacher was to administer an electric shock.

No identifiable stimulus; learner must first respond gastritis diet 6 weeks buy ranitidine 150 mg without prescription, then behavior is reinforced 2 gastritis chronic diet buy 150mg ranitidine with visa. Learner actively operates on its environment Classical conditioning is an example of a behaviorist theory gastritis emergency room buy ranitidine 300 mg overnight delivery. Behaviorism is the attempt to understand behavior in terms of relationships between observable stimuli and observable responses gastritis symptoms patient buy generic ranitidine 150mg online. Behaviorists are psychologists who study only those behaviors that they can observe and measure. We will discuss another behaviorist learning theory, operant conditioning, in the next section. Classical conditioning is a process by which a stimulus that previously did not elicit a response comes to elicit a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response. In contrast, operant conditioning is a process by which the consequences of a response affect the likelihood that the response will occur again (see Figure 9. Review the Vocabulary What is the difference between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus? Visualize the Main Idea In a graphic organizer similar to the one below, describe the process of classical conditioning. Recall Information How are generalization and discrimination related to classical conditioning? Think Critically Under what conditions might a conditioned response become extinct? Application Activity You have a friend who inhales noisily when standing next to you and then puffs air into your eye. Classical Conditioning 248 Chapter 9 / Learning: Principles and Applications the Case of Little Albert Period of Study: Introduction: Winter, 1919­1920 John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner showed how conditioning could be used on a human infant. From such research, Watson concluded that there are only a few instinctive reflexes in humans, among them, sucking, reaching, and grasping. In addition, infants have three innate emotional responses to stimuli: fear at hearing a loud sound or at suddenly being dropped; rage when arm or head movements are forcibly restrained; and love when stroked, rocked, gently patted, and the like. Most human behaviors and emotional reactions are built up of conditioned responses. The noise, the unconditioned stimulus, brought about a naturally unconditioned response, fear. After only a few such pairings, the rat became a conditioned stimulus that elicited a conditioned response, fear. Five days after Watson and Rayner conditioned Albert to fear rats, they presented him with blocks, a rabbit, a rat, and a dog, each alone. His conditioned fear response generalized to include the rabbit and all of the white furry objects he was shown, but not to any dissimilar toys. One of the most frequent criticisms of the experiment was that Watson and Rayner taught a well-adjusted child to be fearful. Apparently, the researchers knew at least one month ahead of time that Albert would be leaving the study, and yet they made no attempt to extinguish his conditioned fears (Harris, 1979). Jones helped Peter eliminate his fear by pairing the feared object (the rabbit) with pleasant experiences, such as eating ice cream or receiving special attention. Results: Hypothesis: Method: Watson and Rayner presented Albert (a well-adjusted 9-month-old) with many objects, including a rat, blocks, a rabbit, a dog, a monkey, masks with and without hair, cotton, wool, and burning newspapers. Albert showed no fear of any of these objects-they were all neutral stimuli for the fear response. Watson and Rayner decided that, when Albert was 11 months old, they would attempt to condition him to fear rats. The therapists moved her into a room devoid of all these comforts, and put a light meal in front of her; if she ate anything at all, one of the comforts was temporarily restored. A follow-up consultation with her 18 months later found her leading a normal life. Vocabulary operant conditioning reinforcement primary reinforcer secondary reinforcer fixed-ratio schedule variable-ratio schedule fixed-interval schedule variable-interval schedule shaping response chain aversive control negative reinforcement escape conditioning avoidance conditioning · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Objectives · Outline the principles of operant conditioning. The next day, the dog is likely to stop at the same door on its rounds, if not go to it directly.

A useful methodology for deconstructing these narratives is the "frame analysis" of media studies and communications gastritis celiac cheap ranitidine 300mg on line. This method examines how a person or event is "named" in the media and how that definition shapes public responses gastritis diet ôèëüìû purchase ranitidine 300mg amex. Works using frame analysis generally do so by unpacking the biases in stories along the lines of partiality www gastritis diet com ranitidine 150mg free shipping, or what is included or excluded gastritis diet list of foods to avoid ranitidine 300 mg otc, and structure (analyzing, for example, how journalists place conventional narrative forms and characterizations onto events). More importantly for my purposes, frame analyses can illuminate how "the public assigns responsibility for a traumatic event. Moreover, I apply this methodology more broadly to sources other 19 Wahneema Lubiano, "Black Ladies, Welfare Queens, and State Minstrels: Ideological War by Narrative Means," in Race-ing Justice, En-gendering Power: Essays on Anita Hill, Clarence Thomas, and the Construction of Social Reality, ed. John Downing, Ali Mohammadi, and Annabelle Srebeny-Mohammadi (London: Sage Publications, 1990), 282. Ott and Eric Aoki, "The Politics of Negotiating Public Tragedy: Media Framing of the Matthew Shepard Murder," Rhetoric and Public Affairs 5, no. The first "Susan" the American public came to know was the distraught mother of the first nine days following the "kidnapping. But her story is more complicated than simply the role she was playing; by all accounts, Smith really was a loving mother until the day of the murders. This makes the televised maternal roleplaying even more interesting; she was, in fact, a good mother and a murderer. Various feminist scholars of the past three decades have examined motherhood as a cultural institution fraught with ambivalence. Adrienne Rich and her feminist cohorts in the 1970s analyzed the content and the larger meaning of modern American ideas about motherhood through the lens of the second-wave feminist movement. Susan Faludi took on the 1980s in Backlash and found that cultural messages about motherhood were not universal; the fault lines of race and class were highly evident in Reagan-era pronatalism. More recently, media studies scholar Susan Douglas calls this idealization of motherhood the "mommy myth" in her work on 1990s popular culture. Each of these scholars exposes the more complicated sides of motherhood as an institution and a practice. Although such sympathetic responses were a distinct minority, their attempts at understanding, rather than condemning, Smith are a vital link between feminist ideas of the 1970s and more recent ideas about maternal mental illness and violence. Using this scholarship and the media coverage of Smith during those first nine days of the kidnapping investigation, I investigate the myth of the ideal mother, how this image evolved into the one we see of Susan Smith, how she manipulated this role, and how race and class played into maternal representations of Smith. Unlike the 1989 Charles Stuart case in Boston, police in Union did not indiscriminately round up African American suspects, and they were careful not to address it as a racialized case. Reports such as these reveal a concerted effort to reverse the popular and historical projection of racism onto the South, redefining the issues exposed by the Smith case as national problems. In this chapter, the stereotypes of the endangered white woman and the criminal black male are the main characters. The criminal black man preying on white women was not just the domain of the days of lynching or even of the South. In the case of Susan Smith, these racialized images were intricately connected to her status as a mother. Her lawyer explained this delicate dynamic when he said that "black babies are just not as precious" in this culture. Investigating racialized representations of the Smith case reveals the historical evolution of racialized images as well as the increasing importance of maternity to those stereotypes. Critical race theory and works that examine the intersections of race and gender provide support to this argument, as do interviews of African American residents of Union, journalists, and local leaders. Smith, in the media and in the minds of many Americans, represented pure evil, notably in the shape of a woman. In reports, she was automatically no longer a good mother, or if she was at all maternal in news accounts, there had to be "two Susans"-the monster and the mother. This reversal was complete in the national media, which required some major undoing of what reporters had been saying about her just days earlier. Smith killed her boys to be with her rich boyfriend-and the police had his break-up letter to prove it.

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