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Academic achievement represents performance outcomes and indicates the extent to which a person has accomplished specific goals that were the focus of activities in instructional environments medications are administered to generic topiramate 200mg fast delivery, specifically in school medications dogs can take order topiramate 100mg without a prescription, college medicine 1900s spruce cough balsam fir buy topiramate 100mg fast delivery, and university (Richardson medications ocd purchase topiramate 100 mg, Michelle, Charles & Rod, 2012). Therefore, academic achievement should be considered to be a multifaceted construct that comprises different domains of learning. Because the field of academic achievement is very wide-ranging and covers a broad variety of educational outcomes, the definition of academic achievement depends on the indicators used to measure it. Among the many criteria that indicate academic achievement, there are very general indicators such as procedural and dx. The issue of poor academic achievement at the secondary school level of education in Nigeria has been widely documented. This is an indication that the major problem facing the educational system in Nigeria is the abysmal failure of students in public examinations, particularly at the secondary school level of education. In Nigeria, academic achievement is measured by grades or by scores at the secondary school level. These grades determines whether a student will have the opportunity to continue his or her education. Besides the relevance for an individual, academic achievement is of utmost importance for the wealth of a nation and its prosperity, yet some students perform below average and these students are termed low achievers. Low achievers are those students who perform academically poor as evidenced or shown in their school academic records. According to Vanauker-Ergle (2012), a low achiever is someone who achieves less than those around him. These low achieving students may not be part of nation builders because they drop out of school, join bad gang, underemployed, unemployed and also violent offenders. Notwithstanding, certain strategies could be put in place to help low achieving students improve academically. The strategies may include the use of pre-test technique, calling on low achievers regularly to answer questions, using descriptive praise, communicating high expectations, use of peer tutoring and so on. According to Outhred and Chester (2010), peer tutoring is an instructional strategy that consists of student partnerships, linking high achieving students with lower achieving students or those with comparable achievement. Some scholars believe that pairing of low and high achieving students are influenced by gender. Kunsch, Jitendra and Sood (2012) opined that the pairing of students should base on sex, male and male, female and female or male and female. It is a term which describes behaviour and attributes expected of individuals on the basis of being male or female in a given society (Uwameiye & Osunde, 2009). Undoubtedly, the gender of students may have influence on academic achievement of keyboarding irrespective of the fact that the Federal Government of Nigeria (2013) through its National Policy on Education has provided for equal opportunities for all citizens to study all subjects in schools irrespective of their gender. Okeke (2008) noted that there are many challenges posed by gender on academic achievement of students where certain subjects and activities are recognized as masculine and others, feminine. This was found to be based on the notion that secretarial education where keyboarding is housed is meant for female gender. Such challenges call for instructional method that will enhance academic achievement of students irrespective of gender. In view of the above, there is indeed a need to have a reexamination of the mode of teaching and learning of keyboarding so that students especially the low achievers might apply the knowledge they acquired to real life situations. It is against this background that the researcher seeks to find out the effect of peer tutoring on academic achievement of low achievers in keyboarding in secondary schools in Anambra State. Statement of the Problem the technological innovation in the 21st century has altered the way people do things including education sector. Everything today is technologically driven which create the need for students to be computer literate. Observation has shown that despite the effort of teachers, curriculum planners and government secondary school students still perform poorly in computer keyboarding in public examinations and this has become a source of worry to education stakeholders especially in Anambra State. The issue of poor academic achievement at the secondary level of education has been widely documented. Conventional teaching method often used in Nigerian secondary schools though help teachers to cover much especially when a teacher needs to pass a lot of information to the students. The advantage on the part of the teacher notwithstanding, it does not give students the opportunity of being actively involved in their own learning. The conventional teaching methods prevalent in Nigerian secondary schools have made the role of the students, most times a passive one.
In some areas medications dictionary generic topiramate 200mg on line, including parts of West Africa symptoms quitting smoking topiramate 200mg on-line, longterm measures such as urban planning regulations which prohibit developments along watercourses have been promulgated although resource constraints often prevent them from being strictly enforced treatment 100 blocked carotid artery order 200 mg topiramate fast delivery. While this has the potential to alert relief organizations and evacuate communities ahead of time medicine in the middle ages discount topiramate 100mg visa, it has been limited by poor communications services (Dilley 1997). For example, only 152 of every 1 000 people in Africa had radios by 1997 (World Bank 2000b). With global warming, the incidence of drought is likely to increase in many parts of Africa. Warning and intervention: what kind of information does the response community need from the early warning community Geneva, World Meteorological Organization and United Nations Environment Programme Kim, S. Assessment of Seed Requirements in Southern African Countries Ravaged by Floods and Drought 1999/2000. First African Sub-Regional Workshop on Natural Disaster Reduction, Gaborone, 28 November to 2 December 1994. Refugee Children in Africa; Trends and Patterns in the Refugee Population in Africa Below the Age of 18 Years, 2000. China experienced more than 300 natural disasters and recorded more than 311 000 deaths during 19712000; India with more than 300 disasters suffered more than 120 000 deaths; the Philippines, with nearly 300 events, lost about 34 000 people; Indonesia experienced about 200 disasters with more than 15 000 lives lost; and Bangladesh experienced 181 events and more than 250 000 people killed. Some areas are more exposed to natural hazards because of location (on the coast, near a volcano or geological fault). Bangladesh, China and India are the most flood-prone countries of the region (Mirza and Eriksen 1996, Ji and others 1993). Hilly and mountainous areas (China, India, Nepal, Philippines and Thailand) are most prone to landslides, which are aggravated by deforestation and cultivation that destabilizes slopes. Deforestation, for example, is now frequently linked to severe flood events and landslides. There has been a general upward trend in the number of natural disasters due to hydrometeorological events (such as cyclones and flooding) in the region, while geophysical disasters such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and tsunamis have remained fairly steady (see figure). Rapid population growth, urbanization and weak land-use planning are some of the reasons why poor people move to fragile and high risk areas which are more exposed to natural hazards. This has sometimes led to more people being exposed to technological hazards such as the disaster in Bhopal, India, in 1984, in which escaping methyl isocyanate from an industrial plant killed more than 3 000 and affected more than 200 000 others (Robins 1990). Most of the countries in the Northwest Pacific and East Asia sub-region and the Pacific Island countries will be particularly vulnerable to climate change and associated sea-level rise because so many human settlements and so much industrial infrastructure are Asian countries are at different stages of institutional development with respect to disaster reduction. Despite some recent achievements, significant the Aral Sea: a human-induced environmental and humanitarian disaster the destruction of the Aral Sea is now a wellknown example of unsustainable development. Its waters supplied local fisheries with annual catches of 40 000 tonnes, while the deltas of its tributaries hosted dozens of smaller lakes and biologically rich marshes and wetlands covering 550 000 ha. In the 1960s, planners in the former Soviet Union assigned Central Asia the role of supplier of raw cotton. Irrigation was imperative, and the Aral Sea and its tributaries seemed a limitless source of water. The local population also grew rapidly, from 14 million to about 27 million in the same period, while total water withdrawal almost doubled to an annual 120 km3, more than 90 per cent of it for agriculture. Waterlogging and salinization eventually affected about 40 per cent of irrigated land. Overuse of pesticides and fertilizer polluted surface water and groundwater, and the delta ecosystems simply perished: by 1990, more than 95 per cent of the marshes and wetlands had given way to sand deserts, and more than 50 delta lakes, covering 60 000 ha, had dried up. In Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, drinking water is saline and polluted, with a high content of metals that causes a range of diseases. Over the past 15 years, there has been a 3 000 per cent increase in chronic bronchitis and in kidney and liver diseases, especially cancer, while arthritic diseases have increased 6 000 per cent. Five newly independent Central Asian states have now established a joint commission for water coordination. Several international organizations and bilateral agencies are providing assistance, and an International Fund for the Aral Sea and the Interstate Council for the Aral Sea Problem have been set up to coordinate initiatives.
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Online processing is usually done during some work a twenty-four-hour operating cycle treatment yellow fever cheap 200 mg topiramate with amex. In addition to the posting memo in the account balance data treatment 8 cm ovarian cyst cheap 200mg topiramate mastercard, and the departments use on-line system to enter deposits and changes in interest rates for loans medicine of the prophet 200mg topiramate otc, name the client and the change of address hair treatment discount topiramate 200mg free shipping, the new structure accounts. Diary transactions they show processed and rejected items, they are later used in balancing to provide completion of processing. Reports used by other departments within bank are also produced during night treatment, they contain delayed credit and reports, various reports general ledgers, credit and deposit probation balances, client statements, etc. Banks and other financial institutions depend on their functioning information systems. Errors in processing financial transaction can resulting in large losses per institution, with actions and dissatisfaction client. Operating problems that result in operating system can affects the timely processing of transactions. Blessed one processing is critical not only to meet the legal requirements that apply availability of funds and time constraints for return items, but such and for expectations clients in connection with telegram transfer and services cash management. In the smaller ones, construction of hardware and software can be postponed, and employees might be waiting for many to do different functions that are dx. Surroundings consists of many questions for consideration including the following: configuration of hardware ratios; software operating system; complexity of processing; adequate systemic documentation; organizational structure, etc. Internal auditors should also be examined any previous working paper that relates to the liquid and the system and consider each one earlier conclusion. The information must be identified, received and transmitted in the form and timeframe that will allow users to perform their duties and obligations. The most important system for internal control is the accounting system, which is considered as a series of tasks and posting of an enterprise through which transactions are processed in order to maintain financial records. This is achieved by the permanent monitoring and monitoring activities, by special assessments or by combining these two procedures. From an analytical point of view, internal control can be divided into two broad categories of supervisory activities: administrative control and accounting control. Both controls are control functions, and in most cases they intertwine so that no precise limit can be drawn between them. The auditor is much more engaged in internal accounting than administrative control. Activities that are not directly financial in nature include administrative internal control, with the task of ensuring efficiency in the business and that this business is carried out in all sectors and departments of the company in accordance with the proclaimed business policy. Effective administrative internal controls have an impact on business performance. The definition of financial control, in principle, excludes the issue of performance, value of money and compliance with legal regulations. Whether and how a company uses a bank safe to deposit short-term securities, or uses a bank safe to deposit cash, companies are examples of accounting controls. Experienced and less experienced auditors react differently when gathering evidence of a particular control sector. Namely, younger auditors are not always sure which method is right for obtaining the necessary information for questionnaire textual description and schematic representation. On the other hand, more experienced auditors are more likely to personally conduct an on-the-spot inquiry by providing an objective and final response to the questionnaire. Reliance solely on staff testing in any case would be contrary to the basic principles of the audit. The size of the company is influenced by the organization and effectiveness of supervision. It is more complicated to improve internal control in a small enterprise than in a large one, for the simple reason that, for example, in a small enterprise, seven employees cannot be edited with a satisfactory delimitation of authority. The conclusion that can be drawn from the above is that the structure of internal control must be adapted to the individual needs of each company individually. Internal control, or even more precisely internal audit, has the primary goal of preventively acting on combating fraud, which is defined as deliberately misinterpretation of facts with the aim of misleading and misleading a third person. In the case where accounting supervision reveals irregularities, it treats them as deliberate mistakes entered in accounting records, books of account, and financial statements for fraudulent purposes. Irregularities can be defined in two groups: employee scams and frauds made by the management. Reducing the risk of fraud, forgery and other dishonest actions of employees would result in the distribution of the power over the transactions to a good extent.
Rawamangun muka symptoms viral infection buy 100mg topiramate with amex, East Jakarta Third Author:Anton Noornia medications heart disease purchase topiramate 100 mg amex, Lecturer medications for gout discount topiramate 100mg amex, Postgraduate Program State University of Jakarta symptoms internal bleeding buy topiramate 100mg otc, Jl. Correspondence Author: Intan Kusmayanti, Postgraduate Program State University of Jakarta, Jl. Posterior segmental abnormalities in myopia may affect peripheral (peripheral degeneration) and posterior pole (posterior pole degeneration). Methods: the observational analytic study was conducted at Eye Clinic of Sumatera Utara University Hospital and network Hospital. The subjects of the study were moderate and severe myopia patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria with a total of 32 subjects or 64 eyes. Results: Distribution of posterior segment abnormalities in moderate myopia seen more found Tigroid fundus image on the left eye as much as 16 eyes (51. Posterior segment abnormalities are 31 (68,9%) tigroid fundus, while severe myopia is 14 (31,1%), posterior segment abnormalities are Tigroid fundus + Myopic crescent of moderate myopia 1 (5,3%) while in severe myopia as many as 18 (94. Conclusion: There is correlation between posterior segment abnormalities distribution with moderate and severe degree of myopia. Myopia is one of the most common causes of low vision in the world even leading to blindness. Causes of low vision and blindness is one of them because of the posterior eye segment of the eyeball that occurs in the peripheral retina and posterior pole. Five priority conditions are cataract, trachoma, onchocerciasis, childhood blindness and refractive abnormalities. Refractive disorder is one of the five priority areas for vision 2020 chosen because refractive error are a very common and correction of spectacles are cheap treatment, effective, and provide functional improvement. This problem are unknown cause, it is thought to be influenced by genetics and the environment. Research conducted in Beijing on 4,409 individuals aged 40 years and older shows that myopia is the second most common cause of low vision and blindness. Abnormalities in the posterior segment of the eyeball have a tremendous impact on the vision of the patient with myopia. This peripheral and posterior pole degeneration may cause myopia patients to become low vision or even blind, but this is still poorly understood by patients with myopia and some medical personnel, resulting in many incidents of myopia who come to the hospital with some complications caused by the degeneration process which occurs in the peripheral and in the posterior pole, therefore it is important to check on the posterior segment to determine abnormalities in the posterior segment that includes the peripheral and posterior pole so that immediate precautions can be taken so that complications that will bring the patient fell into low vision and blindness does not happen. This research was followed by sufferer of moderate and severe myopia who fulfill inclusion criteria with total of research subject counted 32 people or counted 64 eyes. The above shows that the most age distribution of the data of this study is the age group of 21-30 years as many as 22 people (68. Characteristics of Sex with varying degrees of myopia Characteristics N % Man 10 31. Characteristics Family history with varying degrees of myopia Characteristics n % Hereditary 24 75. Above seen by using independent t-test found no difference between intraocular moderate pressure of moderate myopia with severe myopia myraloid pressure in the right eye (p = 0. Above seen by using independent t-test found no difference between intraoculi pressure moderate myopia with severe myopia pressure in the left eye (p = 0. The results of the statistical test explain that there is no difference of moderate and severe median distribution between right eye and left eye, (p = 0. Posterior segment abnormalities in moderate and severe myopia Degrees of myopia N Moderate myopiaa) - Tigroid fundus - Myopic C. Chi-square test showed the results there was correlation between posterior segment abnormality and degrees of myopia (p <0. The Relationship Between Axial Length and Choroidal Thickness in Eyes with Myopia. Refractive error, Axial length and Relative Peripheral Refractive error Before and After the Onset of Myopia. Research findings showed that organizational communication climate had no significant effect on employee performance while career development had a significant effect on employee performance. Index Terms- Communication Climate, Career Development, Job Satisfaction, Employee Performance dynamic work climate, career opportunities and effective communication. Communication activities within organization become one of the indicators of organizational growth. Ali and Haider (2012) suggest that communication as the key to bring people in the organization together to work toward a specific goal. In adition, according to Sanusi (2012) communication will be functioning properly if there arehealthy communication climates; the existence of mutual trust, mutual supporting and strengthening, mutual unity, understanding, openess and honesyt.
The Kyoto Protocol would never have come into force if other developed countries had adopted the same position moroccanoil treatment generic topiramate 100mg with amex. Discussions also resulted in a Political Declaration by the European Union symptoms leukemia discount 100mg topiramate with visa, Canada symptoms of dehydration proven 100 mg topiramate, Iceland medications drugs prescription drugs generic topiramate 200 mg overnight delivery, Norway, New Zealand and Switzerland on funding for developing countries. Meeting the Kyoto targets will be just a first step in coping with the problem of climate change because it will have a marginal effect on the greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere. Continental Pollutant Pathways: An Agenda for Cooperation to Address Long-Range Transport of Air Pollution in North America. Organochlorines in mother and pup pairs in two Arctic seal species: Harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) and hooded seal (Cystophora cristata). Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom, and New York, United States, Cambridge University Press Keeling, C. Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: chlorine atom catalyzed destruction of ozone. Acidification in China: assessment based on studies at forested sites from Chongqing to Guangzhou. Text of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants for Adoption by the Conference of Plenipotentiaries. The Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ghg. Report of the International Conference on the Assessment of the Role of Carbon Dioxide and of Other Greenhouse Gases in Climate Variations and Associated Impacts - Villach, 9-15 October 1985. Humid tropical conditions prevail in Western and Central Africa and in the Western Indian Ocean islands; most Southern African countries experience arid and semiarid conditions, while semi-deserts and deserts are features of Northern Africa. The region experiences a high degree of variability and uncertainty in climatic conditions. Climate variability is therefore the single most important atmospheric phenomenon in Africa. In comparison to other regions, African countries emit negligible amounts of air pollutants and anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Nevertheless, anthropogenic atmospheric pollution is a problem in Northern and Southern Africa, and in some large cities. Climate variability in Africa In the past 30 years, Africa has experienced at least one major drought episode in each decade. Severe droughts were recorded in Southern Africa in 1967 to 1973, 1982-83, 1986-87, 1991-92 and 1993-94 (Chenje and Johnson 1994). The Western Indian Ocean islands are subject to tropical storms on average ten times a year during November to May. Vehicle emissions are the major source of lead contamination, and contribute to dust, noise and smoke pollution. Policies are in place in Algeria, Mauritius and Morocco to encourage conversion to newer, less polluting vehicles (Government of Mauritius 1990), and unleaded petrol has been promoted or even subsidized in Egypt, South Africa and Tunisia (World Bank 2001a). Industrial processes are also significant sources of atmospheric pollution, especially in large urban centres where the pollutants sometimes combine to create atmospheric smog. In Northern Africa, the Western Indian Ocean islands, Southern Africa and some large cities (such as Lagos), the incidence of respiratory disease is increasing, reflecting a deterioration of air quality. The main causes are the indoor burning of coal, wood, kerosene (paraffin), dung and refuse for household needs, and vehicular and industrial emissions. Subsidizing electricity production, promoting industrial development economic strategies and increased consumption have contributed to rising emissions in some areas. A rapid increase in the number of private cars, and the poor condition of many commercial and private Climatic variability and vulnerability to climate change Climatic variability and associated floods and droughts result in increased risks of crop failure and therefore reduced food security, as well as higher incidences of malnutrition and disease. The 1991-92 drought in Southern Africa caused a 54 per cent reduction in cereal harvest and exposed more than 17 million people to the risk of starvation (Calliham, Eriksen and Herrick 1994). Crop failure and livestock losses lead to increased dependence on imports and foreign aid, reducing economic performance and the ability to cope with future environmental disasters. Changes in rainfall could also have serious consequences for those parts of Africa that depend on hydroelectricity.
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