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The alternative futures modeling approach described here provides an analytical framework for collaboration in identifying future challenges and opportunities facing the Penobscot River watershed prostate 1 per day 0.4mg tamsulosin free shipping. The approach is designed to provide policy makers and other stakeholders with the tools needed to assess social prostate adenocarcinoma discount tamsulosin 0.2 mg visa, economic prostate cancer zytiga forums purchase 0.2mg tamsulosin otc, and ecological trends prostate cancer yahoo answers buy 0.2mg tamsulosin with amex, and to develop a range of plausible futures for the region. The process is intended to foster a proactive approach to landscape-level management and planning, and to allow stakeholders to investigate a wide range of issues and policies affecting land use and the long-term sustainability of coupled human and natural systems. Later, the region would inspire young Theodore Roosevelt and help form his conservation ethic, thus influencing the transformative conservation policies of his presidency. Also important to the region are forest-based recreation and tourism, including hunting, fishing, and recreational camps; guide and outfitting ser vices; support industries for skiing and snowmobiling interests; and a host of nature-based education programs. Yet these traditional engines of economic growth have faced challenges in recent decades. For example, while the forest sector continues to comprise 25 to 30 percent of total manufacturing jobs, the number of jobs has decreased with overall declines in manufacturing. Many forms of recreation have also declined from historic highs- especially as measured by visitation at well-known destinations such as Baxter State Park and the popular Allagash River canoe way. Increasingly, younger residents find it difficult to secure meaningful employment, and leave the region in search of better prospects. The results are an aging population and fractured social networks, both of which threaten the long-term vitality of many rural Maine communities. Indeed, the dichotomy between fastgrowing southern Maine and the rural north and interior has led to the creation of "Two Maines"- one vibrant and moderately prosperous, the other struggling (figure 9. In Maine and across much of northern New England, the housing boom of the 1990s and early 2000s, coupled with large sales of industrial forestlands, combined to substantially alter public perceptions of natural resources, land use, and development. As evidenced by the Plum Creek proposal, large development proposals can now penetrate even far-flung regions of the state. Indeed, between 1980 and 2000, the report noted, over 320,000 hectares (800,000 acres) of rural land was altered statewide, with 263,000 hectares (650,000 acres) converted during the 1990s alone. And while Maine added just 47,000 new residents during the 1990s, 65,000 new housing units were constructed, each with an average footprint of 4 hectares (10 acres). Despite an active industry, there has been a massive shift in forest land ownership in the sparsely settled northern half of the state as the forest industry has largely divested itself of timberlands (figure 9. This transfer of land has precipitated a number of changes and challenges to forestry and recreational uses (Egan and Luloff 2000, Shelby et al. For example, the Brookings report documented how low-density residential development cost the state more than $200 million in school construction costs even as overall student enrollments declined (Brookings Institution 2006). Indeed, Maine has the oldest median population in the country- a ranking exacerbated in part from the significant number of 25- to 34-year-olds that have left the state in recent decades (Brookings Institution 2006). But the Brookings report exemplified a partial shift away from a preservation-based view of environmental protection and toward a view more closely aligned with concepts of sustainable development. More than 100 land trusts-in partnership with landowners, recreationists, foresters, and state and federal agencies-have in recent decades permanently protected from development roughly 1. Forest Ser vice has allocated more land protection funding to Maine than any other state. Some of these acquisitions and easements precluded industrial or agricultural use, but many, while precluding future development, guarantee continued production of food and fiber. While agricultural preservation easements are common across the country, the prevalence of working forest easements is largely unique to the Northeast. However, although Maine has invested significant resources in protecting lands for ecosystem function, fiber production, recreation, and tourism, a recent assessment of conserved lands highlighted the need for a more strategic, proactive, and coordinated approach to land conservation (Cronan et al. Ideally, what is needed is a stakeholder-driven approach that strategically considers both the biophysical and the human dimensions of ecosystem protection. To provide a few examples, individual projects include research on forest management and urbanization, alternative energy technologies, and efforts to integrate Native American communities into the development of invasive species policies. For example, the Center for Research on Sustainable Forests reorga nized in 2010 to better address newly identified areas of interest by expanding its traditional focus on industrial timberlands to encompass two new research areas: Family Forests, and Conservation Lands and Public Values.

Thus androgen hormone urinary buy tamsulosin 0.4 mg overnight delivery, those seeking to reform public school discipline by instituting restorative justice need clearer legal mandates if they want to achieve their policy objectives mens health 3 day workout 0.4 mg tamsulosin visa. Because prostate and ed 0.4mg tamsulosin with visa, thus far mens health hyper fuel 9x buy generic tamsulosin 0.4 mg line, these cases have resolved in negotiated settlements, the action of the court has been to enforce their settlements as Consent Decrees to be monitored by a federal judge. In the Order, parties agreed that *621 Meridian would institute "restorative practices," defined in the Order as "an approach to student discipline that focuses on resolving conflict, repairing relationships, and assisting students to redress harms caused by their conduct, and may include positive interventions and processes such as mediation, family group counseling [sic], and peer mentoring. Unlike any of the other legal interventions, this Order is the only one to articulate both the preventative and responsive roles for restorative justice, laying a foundation for the most comprehensive, whole school approach to restorative justice. Combining both the preventative, community building work and the restorative response to misbehavior offers the greatest potential benefits to students. Despite the creativity and zeal with which reform advocates are working to accomplish their goals of replacing zerotolerance with restorative justice, they will not achieve those goals without legal mandates that are just as explicit as those that established zero-tolerance decades ago. As the next Subparts argue, reformers cannot rely on the term "restorative justice" as a coherent concept and they should strive for clearer instruction on how to systematize the distinctive practices that constitute a restorative school. To the contrary, restorative justice has no single origin, and instead is a synthesis of different spiritual philosophies, indigenous practices, ideologies, and political movements, all of which have combined into a worldview expressed through many (sometimes contradictory) activities. And, even within each of those settings there are disagreements about what programs are truly "restorative. Howard Zehr, a pioneer in developing a field of restorative justice, observes that restorative justice is "a compass not a map" 211 -a moral philosophy, not a formal process or methodology 212 -that investigates how to respond to wrongdoing. Restorative justice is about "healing rather than hurting, moral learning, community participation and community caring, respectful dialogue, forgiveness, responsibility, apology, and *624 making amends;" it is about "restoring victims, restoring offenders, and restoring communities. The answer to that question depends upon participating stakeholders and "whatever dimensions of restoration matter to the victims, offenders, and communities affected by the crime. For example, the idea of assembling a problem-solving conference was appropriated from the Maori indigenous peoples of New Zealand who used whanau hui, or gatherings of extended family to restore, or confront, threats to community cohesion. For example, one element of "restorative justice" *625 focuses on reforming punitive carceral systems and improving treatment of prisoners. Feminist advocates protested against the failures of the justice system to respond seriously to victims of crime and to treat them fairly and with dignity. Because these movements all had distinct ideological roots and objectives, they developed distinct (and often contradictory) alternative models for determining and delivering justice, further adding to the confusion about what constitutes "restorative justice. While the fluidity of restorative justice philosophy enables it to adapt to all sorts of circumstances, this same capacity for adaptation can also be a weakness. One consequence of the "many identities and referents" of restorative justice is that "[c]ommentators, both advocates and critics, are often not talking about or imagining the same thing. First, the lack of clarity about what is "restorative" and what is not results in the proliferation of non-restorative processes that then become difficult to rein in. For example, restorative justice in the school setting is *628 distinct from, but gets confused with, 244 restorative justice in the criminal justice or transitional justice settings. The criminal justice system, including the youth justice system, is not for that purpose. Its purpose is also to ensure that the public accept that the State is there to provide punishment and retribution in relation to crime. Those applied to the criminal justice system do not translate to the educational system because each system serves a different societal function and the particular restorative process adapted for each system grows from different ideological roots. Given the conceptual and contextual ambiguity of "restorative justice," it is especially important that legal interventions aiming to establish restorative justice in schools be precise in articulating what "restorative justice" actually means for the school setting. Because there is no consensus about what constitutes "restorative justice," relying only on the term means there is no control over what program gets implemented in schools. If the goal of implementing school-based restorative justice is to improve interpersonal relationships for all members of the school community, to teach students conflict resolution skills, personal responsibility, and impulse control, and to remediate the problems of zero-tolerance discipline, legal reforms instituting restorative justice should ensure that programs put in place in fact address the problems caused by zero-tolerance. To do otherwise imperils the important policy objectives of the school discipline reform movement. Second, and relatedly, when schools fail to implement a whole school approach and fully integrate restorative practices into school operations, these schools either drift away from core restorative justice principles or apply restorative justice superficially. In both cases, the positive benefits of using restorative practices disappear and zero-tolerance discipline remains the status quo.

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World Agriculture and the Environment: A Commodity-by- Commodity Guide to Impacts and Practices androgen hormone jack order tamsulosin 0.2 mg with visa. Occupancy Estimation and Modeling: Inferring Patterns and Dynamics of Species Occurrence prostate cancer 8k discount 0.4mg tamsulosin amex. Travels and Adventures of an Orchid Hunter: An Account of Canoe and Camp Life in Columbia prostate what does it do purchase 0.4 mg tamsulosin overnight delivery, While Collecting Orchids in the Northern Andes prostate 75 discount 0.4mg tamsulosin otc. The Impacts and Opportunities of Oil Palm in Southeast Asia: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know Banana Cultures: Agriculture, Consumption, and Environmental Change in Honduras and the United States. As these four case studies illustrate, coordinated regional action can draw its strength, stability, traction, and inspiration from the meaningful engagement of local stakeholders and local knowledge. Fortunately, colleges, universities, and research institutions that are well grounded in their local communities can earn a level of trust that allows their staff, faculty, and students to catalyze such meaningful engagement. It is often within the power of active local communities to determine the viability of a given large landscape initiative. They are likely to do so, in part, by ensuring that their own livelihoods and quality of life are sustained alongside measures of ecosystem ser vices, which may be analytically conceived. In his inspired essay, Doug Givens describes how patient engagement with local farmers and community leaders has been key to the success of the Philander Chase Corporation, a land trust affiliated with Kenyon College, which has made great strides in protecting the largely agrarian landscape around Gambier, Ohio. The college, which has been based in the area since the early 1800s, continues to work with its civic partners to maintain a distinctively bucolic quality of life. Taking a further step, motivated by the success of these efforts, leaders at Kenyon are presently moving ahead with plans to help replicate its program by sharing what they have learned about the value of local engagement and land conservation with colleges across the country. Mary Tyrrell and her co-authors articulate in the chapter that follows how the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies has recently embarked on an ambitious effort to conserve the forested landscape of northeastern Connecticut- dubbed the Quiet Corner-by engaging private landowners in stewardship and conservation actions. At a considerably larger scale, Rob Lilieholm and his associates at the University of Maine have engaged community stakeholders across the 2. Designed to devise on-the-ground solutions to complex sustainability challenges, the computer modeling methodology helps to map out areas of future conflict-by, for example, identifying subwatershed locations where future development may degrade water quality and transgress regulatory thresholds for urban-impaired streams, a problem that would result in significant mitigation and compliance costs for municipalities. Accordingly, in 2014, the Bay-to-Baxter Initiative is being crafted at the University of Maine as a multipronged effort to promote conservation and economic development in the region. To conclude this section, Robin Reid, Dickson Kaelo, David Nkedianye, and their co-authors emphasize that the conservation of wildlife in many large savanna landscapes in Africa depends on simultaneously meeting the needs of large wildlife and local people. Once included in these efforts as an afterthought, local communities are now major stakeholders and should remain at the core of future conservation initiatives. Through their Reto-o-Reto Initiative, the authors have worked with local pastoralists in the Serengeti Mara of southwestern Kenya through new wildlife conservancies that are largely designed by local pastoral leaders in cooperation with their partners. More than a story documenting innovative ways of doing conservation business, the development of Reto-o-Reto is the story of building local institutions and supporting local leaders to work broadly across large landscapes and experiment with new models of conservation that support local livelihoods and wildlife at the same time. From Kenya to Connecticut, the work of building community support for land and biodiversity conservation continues. New technologies and networks are bound to change the scope and scale of community interaction to promote sustainability and land protection in the 21st century. But, as all the essays in this section demonstrate, there are few if any better ways to build community support for large landscape conservation than a face-to-face meeting around a kitchen table or a campfire. The hope is that the colleges, universities, and research institutions will not in some future day forget the significance of breaking bread or sharing barbecue with neighbors. When Episcopal bishop Philander Chase founded the college on a wooded hilltop in 1824, he envisioned a serene rural environment that would promote serious thought and good conduct. For 190 years, the college and those who have found their way to it have valued this setting. Integral to the Kenyon experience, this environment captures the interest of prospective students and their parents. Timeless rhythms in the landscape afford views that please the eye and nourish the spirit in every season, and students and faculty members use the rural acres adjacent to the campus for fieldwork in a variety of disciplines ranging from sociology to biology and chemistry. Long after graduation, students remember the campus, the surrounding fields and forests, and the twists and turns of the Kokosing State Scenic River. Amounting to more than beautiful natural assets, these resources represent the past, present, and future for Kenyon (figure 7.

Water levels in the two principal reservoirs prostate cancer radiation oncology purchase tamsulosin 0.4mg on line, Lake Mead and Lake Powell prostate cancer uspstf cheap 0.2 mg tamsulosin mastercard, had fallen to worrisome levels prostate cancer 4-12 mm proven 0.2 mg tamsulosin. As the southwestern cities continued to grow prostate cancer foundation best 0.2mg tamsulosin, demand for water continued to increase. A similar volume could then be held in storage in an upstream reservoir for future use. It would shrink, along with its wet footprint, as saltier water killed or changed the vegetation. The replacement water and the monitoring program required an addition to the treaty: Minute 316, signed in 2010, marks the first time that water allocated for environmental purposes was allowed to cross the border. Because it was a temporary arrangement, many emphasized that this transboundary flow for environmental purposes was not a precedent for such flows in the future. Of course, whenever people go to great lengths to say that something is not a precedent, it is clearly a precedent. This is a good news story about western water and a good news story about transboundary water. The fact that a binational team could be assembled and deployed on very short notice is the result of a formal Research Coordination Network funded by the U. In less than a hundred years, the water that supported its natural and human-modified ecosystems had passed from short-term control by weather and natural geomorphic processes into control by human activity. It also supported student travel to professional meetings, hosted a website, distributed a newsletter, and provided support for pilot projects and workshops that would enhance the chances for additional funding of research on the Colorado River Delta. As a result of these activities, participants came to know and trust each other better and developed collaborative projects. And we are proud to have facilitated a new and lasting binational collaboration on environmental protection and restoration. The habitats that support the greatest biodiversity and produce the most ecosystem ser vices are wet or damp ones. In southwestern North America, water is regulated by a complex and often inflexible legal and physical infrastructure. Challenges for large landscape conservation across international borders increase greatly when the economies of the affected countries differ greatly in size, when there is no common language, and when there are divergent legal systems and policies regarding water and environmental protection. For example, research funding and student support can move across the border more easily than water. Mexican water law is more flexible with regard to allocations of water for nature than the Law of the River that prevails in Colorado River Basin states. Water in Mexico is regulated by national policy, whereas the states play a larger role in the U. Under these circumstances, large-landscape restoration is the challenge that we face. Its mission statement makes no mention of the importance of largelandscape conservation. The remaining funds came from grants, contracts, donations, and proceeds from a relatively small endowment.

As of 2013 androgen hormone 5-hiaa generic 0.2mg tamsulosin, classes have completed management plans in two other subwatersheds for a total of 14 plans mens health initiative tamsulosin 0.2 mg sale, and students will circle back to Bigelow Brook in the fall of 2014 mens health 8 foods to eat everyday 0.2 mg tamsulosin sale. Five of the plans are currently being implemented man health de order tamsulosin 0.2mg on line, and three more are scheduled for the implementation of harvesting plans in the fall of 2014. The recommendations being followed include small-scale timber harvests, maple sugaring, improved boundaries, trail construction, and potential grants to create a silvopasture operation. Because they were active in the community, it was fortunate that they became charter members of what became known as the Quiet Corner Woodland Partnership, and they were instrumental in recruiting several other landowners to serve as clients for the Management Plans for Protected Areas class. Their two principle objectives were sustainable management of the forest for income generation, and maintenance of forest health and wildlife. To meet these objectives, they were interested in timber harvests, maple sugaring, and the potential sale of conservation easements. The family owns a small portable sawmill and processes timber harvested from its property and that of its neighbors. The timber, primarily white pine, is sold for construction in the Quiet Corner area. While the family regularly harvests 22,000 board feet of white pine annually, the mill has additional capacity, and so the student team was asked to assess the possibility of increasing the annual harvests by about 30 percent. The students undertook a comprehensive forest inventory, accounting for both current and future timber resources. Although the student team was not able to recommend a harvesting regime yielding the full 30 percent increase, they were able to devise a schedule yielding greater volumes of white pine while allowing for sufficient regeneration of the species into the future by promoting maturation of the existing stock. The family plans to continue its sawmill operation for the near future, but the work is physically strenuous, and they expressed interest in exploring additional revenue streams that would prove less taxing as they grow older. To speed up the process by which these trees could produce large volumes of syrup, the student team proposed a detailed thinning treatment to eliminate competition from non-maple species. As a final recommendation toward meeting the goal of protecting the Bigelow Brook while generating income, the student team advised more research into the sale of a conservation easement on the portions of the property directly adjacent to the brook. Since this area is only 17 acres, cooperation with adjacent landowners to apply for a collective easement may make the property a more attractive investment to area land trusts. Students in the Strategies for Land Conservation class are working to integrate easement potential across property boundaries to promote greater habitat connectivity and land marketability for conservation funding. After working closely for four months, the student team presented the family with a professional-quality 60-page management plan. The clients were very pleased with the quality of the product they received and are currently working with the land conservation class to put some of their recommendations into action. Additional funds have been raised to support student internships for specific projects. There is a reluctance to nail down metrics at this early stage, as the team is in a rumination period. By promoting sustainable management of private lands and building the capacity to implement it, the initiative will serve to maintain the biodiversity and health of working forests and the productive capacity of the overall ecosystem. It will also maintain and enhance a sustainable forest-based economy and the multiple socioeconomic benefits received by both private landowners and the public in the region. These areas have been identified as the Still River, Morse Meadow Brook, and Bussey Brook systems. Faculty as well as professional foresters and conservation planners will mentor and work with the students through courses and research groups with help from the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Connecticut Forest & Park Association, and Eastern Connecticut Forest Landowners Association. Although this is a challenge, the approach of starting small yet within a framework of big ideas and possibilities should provide the momentum necessary to keep the initiative going. Although the project began as the brainchild of one faculty member, several others are now committed to directing clinical class projects to the Quiet Corner and working within the agreed-upon framework. Working on a landscape scale requires cooperation among New England neighbors where there is little history of cooperation on what could be perceived as private family matters. Bigger ideas (landscape-scale conservation easements, energy, ecosystem ser vices markets) will require bigger investments. The strategy is to build a track record on early successes that will convince funders to make the necessary investment to expand those successes to a larger landscape with more programs. Results from this experience will be published, workshops developed into web-based modules, and the partnership used as a demonstration learning experience for landowners and professionals from other regions. The aim is to work on ten-year cycles between subwatersheds in the Natchaug Basin, and in 2021 to return to the Bigelow Brook subwatershed where the program began in 2011.

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